The adequacy of the present practice in dynamic aggregated modelling of wind farm systems

Large offshore wind farms are usually composed of several hundred individual wind turbines, each turbine having its own complex set of dynamics. The analysis of the dynamic interaction between wind turbine generators (WTG), interconnecting ac cables, and voltage source converter (VSC) based High Voltage DC (HVDC) system is difficult because of the complexity and the scale of the entire system. The detailed modelling and modal analysis of a representative wind farm system reveal the presence of several critical resonant modes within the system. Several of these modes have frequencies close to harmonics of the power system frequency with poor damping. From a computational perspective the aggregation of the physical model is necessary in order to reduce the degree of complexity to a practical level. This paper focuses on the present practices of the aggregation of the WTGs and the collection system, and their influence on the damping and frequency characteristics of the critical oscillatory modes. The effect of aggregation on the critical modes are discussed using modal analysis and dynamic simulation. The adequacy of aggregation method is discussed

Discovery of an OVI Emitting Nebula around the Hot White Dwarf KPD 0005+5106

A survey of diffuse interstellar sight lines observed with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer has led to the serendipitous discovery of a high-ionization nebula around the hot white dwarf KPD 0005+5106. The nebula has an OVI 1032A surface brightness of up to 25,000 photons/s/cm^2/sr, making it the brightest region of extended OVI emission in our survey. Photoionization models using the incident white dwarf continuum successfully reproduce the observed OVI intensity. The OVI emission arises in the highly ionized inner region of a planetary nebula around KPD 0005+5106. This newly discovered nebula may be one member of a class of high-ionization planetary nebulae that are difficult to detect in the optical, but which can be easily identified in the ultraviolet.Comment: accepted for publication in ApJL, 11 pages including 2 figure

Interaction of artemisinin and tetracycline or erythromycin against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro

Antimalarial activities of tetracycline (TC) and erythromycin (EM), alone or in combination with artemisinin (Qinghaosu, QHS), were studied using chloroquine (CQ)-sensitive (D6) and -resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. The antimalarial potency of TC (IC50 = 9862 nM for the CQ-sensitive parasite, 32414 nM for the CQ-resistant one) or EM (IC50 = 45787 nM for the CQ-sensitive parasite, 33397 nM for the CQ-resistant one) was much less than that of QHS (IC50 ranging from 25 to 40 nM). The CQ-resistant falciparum parasite displayed a cross-resistance to TC, while both the drug-sensitive and -resistant parasites exhibited similar responses to EM. However, antimalarial potency of EM appeared to be less than that of TC against the drug-sensitive parasite. When TC was combined with QHS, an additive interaction was observed against the CQ-sensitive falciparum parasite, while synergism was found with the CQ-resistant parasite. When EM was tested in combination with QHS, a potentiating interaction occurred with both the CQ-sensitive and -resistant falciparum parasite. The above results indicated that the QHS combination with either TC or EM may be a promising antimalarial preparation with low recrudescence compared to artemisinin used alone in clinical practice

Semi-Active Structural Control of a 2-Story Shear Building

With continuing urban development across the world, it is becoming ever more important to provide increased structural safety against events such as earthquakes and strong winds. The field of structural control has recently been growing to meet these challenges through the use of semi-active control methods, such as the Magnetorheological (MR) Damper. However, due to the non-linearity of the device, the knowledge base surrounding the MR Damper and its various control algorithms still needs to be strengthened before large-scale implementation of this control method can occur. To address these issues, this study will examine a two story benchmark structure using MR Dampers controlled by the Clipped Optimal, Lyapunov, and Viscous Damping Negative Stiffness (VDNS) control algorithms. In preliminary simulation, these algorithms have been noted to significantly reduce vibrational effects over both the uncontrolled and passive cases. To prepare for small scale experimentation, both the prototype MR Damper and the structure were numerically identified. This preparation was performed with sufficient accuracy as to facilitate the implementation of the control algorithm in both precise simulation and physical experimentation. Using the information obtained in these preliminary tests it is the hope that better controllers can be developed, thus keeping our societies better protected from natural disasters

Late Wisconsinan and Holocene History of the Laurentide Ice Sheet

Eleven paleogeographic maps and a summary ice retreat map outline the history of advance, retreat, and readvances of the Laurentide Ice Sheet along with associated changes in proglacial drainage and relative sea level oscillations for Late Wisconsinan and Holocene times. The text outlines pertinent chronological control and discusses the paleoglaciology of the ice sheet, with attention to location and migration of ice divides, their attendant domes and saddles, and to ice streams, ice shelves, and mechanisms of déglaciation. At 18 ka the ice sheet consisted of 3 sectors with an interlocked system of ice divides joined at intersector saddles. A throughgoing superdivide is recognized and named the Trans Laurentide Ice Divide. The ice sheet retreated slowly from 18 to 13 ka, mainly along the west and south margins, but still held a near maximum configuration at 13 ka. A regional change in flow pattern over the Prairies just before 14 ka is thought to represent a large reduction in ice volume, but not in extent, and likely was triggered by a switch from nondeforming to deforming bed conditions. Retreat between 13 and 8 ka was vastly more rapid in the west than in the east, which resulted in eastward migration of the divide system of Keewatin Ice but relatively static divides of Labrador and Foxe Ice. By 10 ka the Trans Laurentide Ice Divide had been fragmented as Hudson Ice became increasingly autonomous. By 8 ka Hudson Ice had disappeared, little ice was left in Keewatin, but Foxe Ice still held its near maximum configuration and Labrador Ice was still larger than Foxe Ice. Repeated surging along aquatic margins and calving back of margins thinned by surging probably was the most important mechanism of deglaciation of Keewatin and Hudson Ice. The core of Foxe Ice disintegrated at 7 ka but retreat and readvance of Foxe Ice remnants continued throughout the Holocene.Onze cartes paléogéographiques et une carte sommaire du retrait glaciaire retracent l'évolution de la calotte glaciaire ainsi que les changements relatifs au drainage proglaciaire et aux fluctuations du niveau de la mer pendant le Wisconsinien supérieur et l'Holocène. Le texte fait ressortir les données chronologiques appropriés et étudie la paléoglaciologie de l'inlandsis, en mettant l'accent sur la localisation et le déplacement de la ligne de partage des glaces, des dômes et des cols satellites, ainsi que des langues glaciaires, des plates-formes de glace flottante et des mécanismes de la déglaciation. À 18 ka, l'inlandsis est composé de trois secteurs avec un système emboîté de lignes de partage des glaces. Une grande ligne de partage, « la ligne de partage des glaces translaurentidiennes », traverse le système. L'inlandsis se retire lentement de 18 à 13 ka, surtout le long les marges ouest et sud, mais à 13 ka sa configuration reste à peu près inchangée. On croit qu'une modification du régime de l'écoulement glaciaire survenue dans la Prairie un peu avant 14 ka est à l'origine d'une réduction sensible du volume de glace, mais pas de l'étendue. Entre 13 et 8 ka, le retrait glaciaire, beaucoup plus rapide à l'ouest qu'à l'est, se manifeste par le déplacement vers l'est du système de partage des glaces au Keewatin et par la relative stabilité de la ligne de partage entre les glaciers du Labrador et de Foxe. À 10 ka, la ligne de partage translaurentidienne est morcelée et le glacier d'Hudson gagne son autonomie. Vers 8 ka, le glacier d'Hudson est disparu, il ne reste à peu près plus de glace au Keewatin, mais le glacier de Foxe conserve sa configuration et le glacier du Labrador est encore plus étendu que le glacier de Foxe. Les crues glaciaires répétées le long des marges marines et le vêlage des marges ont probablement constitué les processus de déglaciation les plus importants au Keewatin et en Hudsonie. Le coeur du glacier de Foxe est dissous à 7 ka, mais retraits et récurrences des vestiges du glacier de Foxe se poursuivent tout au long de l'Holocène.EIf paleogeographische Karten und eine zusammenfassende Karte des Eisrückzugs skizzieren die Geschichte des Vorsto00DFes, Rückzugs und Rückvorsto00DFes der laurentischen Eisdecke zusammen mit den damit verbundenen Veränderungen in der proglazialen Entwässerung und den Schwankungen des relativen Meeresspiegels für die Zeit des späteren glazialen Wisconsin und des Holozän. Der Text gibt einen Überblick über einschlägige chronologische Kontrolle und behandelt die paleoglaziale Geschichte der Eisdecke, insbesondere in Bezug auf Vorkommen und Verschiebung der Eistrennlinien, der sie begleitenden Dome und Sättel und der Eisströme, Eisbänke und der Enteisungs-Mechanismen. Um 18 ka bestand die Eisdecke aus drei Sektoren mit einem ineinandergreifenden System von Eistrennlinien, die an den Kreuzungssätteln verbunden sind. Eine durchgehende gro00DFe Trennlinie ist deutlich sichtbar und wird die translaurentische Eistrennlinie genannt. Die Eisdecke zog sich zwischen 18 und 13 ka langsam zurück, vorwiegend entlang der West- und Südränder, hatte aber immer noch die fast maximale Ausdehnung um 13 ka. Zwischen 13 und 8 ka war der Rückzug im Westen deutlich schneller als im Osten, was zu einer Ostwärts-Bewegung der Trennlinien des Keewatin-Eises führte, jedoch zu reltiv statischen Trennlinien des Labrador- und Fox-Eises. Um 10 ka hatte sich die translaurentische Eistrennlinie zerstückelt während das Hudson-Eis zunehmend selbständig wurde. Um 8 ka war das Hudson-Eis verschwunden, nur wenig Eis war im Keewatin übriggeblieben während das Fox-Eis immer noch seine fast maximale Ausdehnung hatte und das Labrador-Eis immer noch ausgedehnter war als das Fox-Eis. Wiederholtes Anschwellen entlang der Küsten und Rück-kalben der ausgedünnten Eisränder war wohl der wichtigste Enteisungsvorgang des Keewatin- und Hudson-Eises. Der Kern des Fox-Eises zersetzte sich um 7 ka, aber Rückzug und Vorsto00DF der Fox-Eisreste setzte sich durch das Holozän fort

Direct Evidence for a Magnetic f-electron Mediated Cooper Pairing Mechanism of Heavy Fermion Superconductivity in CeCoIn5

To identify the microscopic mechanism of heavy-fermion Cooper pairing is an unresolved challenge in quantum matter studies; it may also relate closely to finding the pairing mechanism of high temperature superconductivity. Magnetically mediated Cooper pairing has long been the conjectured basis of heavy-fermion superconductivity but no direct verification of this hypothesis was achievable. Here, we use a novel approach based on precision measurements of the heavy-fermion band structure using quasiparticle interference (QPI) imaging, to reveal quantitatively the momentum-space (k-space) structure of the f-electron magnetic interactions of CeCoIn5. Then, by solving the superconducting gap equations on the two heavy-fermion bands $E_k^{\alpha,\beta}$ with these magnetic interactions as mediators of the Cooper pairing, we derive a series of quantitative predictions about the superconductive state. The agreement found between these diverse predictions and the measured characteristics of superconducting CeCoIn5, then provides direct evidence that the heavy-fermion Cooper pairing is indeed mediated by the f-electron magnetism.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures, Supplementary Information: 31 pages, 5 figure

Thermodynamics of an attractive 2D Fermi gas

Thermodynamic properties of matter are conveniently expressed as functional relations between variables known as equations of state. Here we experimentally determine the compressibility, density and pressure equations of state for an attractive 2D Fermi gas in the normal phase as a function of temperature and interaction strength. In 2D, interacting gases exhibit qualitatively different features to those found in 3D. This is evident in the normalized density equation of state, which peaks at intermediate densities corresponding to the crossover from classical to quantum behaviour.Comment: Contains minor revision

The Rapidly Rotating, Hydrogen Deficient, Hot Post-Asymptotic Giant Branch Star ZNG 1 in the Globular Cluster M5

We report observations of the hot post-asymptotic giant branch star ZNG 1 in the globular cluster M5 (NGC 5904) with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE). From the resulting spectrum, we derive an effective temperature T_eff = 44300 +/- 300 K, a surface gravity log g = 4.3 +/- 0.1, a rotational velocity v sin i = 170 +/- 20 km/s, and a luminosity log (L/L_sun) = 3.52 +/- 0.04. The atmosphere is helium-rich (Y = 0.93), with enhanced carbon (2.6% by mass), nitrogen (0.51%) and oxygen (0.37%) abundances. The spectrum shows evidence for a wind with terminal velocity near 1000 km/s and an expanding shell of carbon- and nitrogen-rich material around the star. The abundance pattern of ZNG 1 is suggestive of the ``born-again'' scenario, whereby a star on the white-dwarf cooling curve undergoes a very late shell flash and returns to the AGB, but the star's rapid rotation is more easily explained by a previous interaction with a binary companion.Comment: 8 pages, 2 PostScript figures, Latex with emulateapj5. Accepted for publication in ApJ Letter